Haninda Alya Rafida, Dody Kurniawan, & Cahyadi Husadha. (2026). The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability on Financial Distress Using the Altman Z-Score Approach in Oil and Gas Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) During the 2021–2024 Period. Kawakib: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(4), 170–176. https://doi.org/10.63738/kawakib.v2i4.48